1. YADAVINDER SINGH, LIEUTENANT-GENERAL MAHARAJA

YADAVINDER SINGH, LIEUTENANT GENERAL MAHARAJA (1913-1974), Grand Commander of the Indian Empire, Companion of the British Empire, Doctor of Laws from Banaras and Panjab Universities, was the last hereditary ruler of the east while Indian princely state of Patiala. Born on 7 January 1913 during the high noon of the British raj, he lived to see India become an independent democratic republic. He was the premier ruling prince in the Punjab. Prominent in sports, courageous in war, persuasive in diplomacy, knowledgeable in botany and agriculture, he was perhaps modern India's nearest, equivalent to the ideal renaissance man.

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2. YAHIYA KHAN

YAHIYA KHAN, the eldest son of Nawab Zakariya Khan, became governor of Lahore under the Mughals in 1745 after the death of his father. He continued his father's policy of repression against the Sikhs. During his regime, a fracas between a band of Sikh horsemen and the State constabulary resulted in the death of Jaspat Rai, Faujdar of Eminabad and younger brother of Diwan Lakhpat Rai, who was revenue minister to the governor. The minister, bent upon vengeance, took heavy reprisals, rounding up Sikhs living in Lahore and having them executed at the nakhas, the local horse market, later renamed by Sikhs Shahidgahi (martyrs shrine). Lakhpat Rai and Yahiya Khan proceeded in pursuit of Sikhs concentrating on the bank of the Ravi, north of Lahore.

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3. YAR MUHAMMAD KHAN

YAR MUHAMMAD KHAN (d. 1829), the Barakzai ruler of Peshawar. In November 1818, Ranjit Singh seized the city from him and placed it in the charge of Jahandad Khan another of the Barakzai brothers, but no sooner did Ranjit Singh return to Lahore than Yar Muhammad Khan emerged from his hiding, expelled Jahandad Khan and resumed control of Peshawar. In June 1822, Yar Muhammad Khan agreed to become a tributary of Ranjit Singh, but soon thereafter Muhammad Azim Khan, the Kabul Wazir, expelled him from Peshawar. Ranjit Singh defeated the Kabul Wazir in the battle of Naushehra on 14 March 1823, and installed Yar Muhammad Khan, governor of Peshawar. Shortly afterwards, Sayyid Ahmad Barelavi proclaimed a holy war against the Sikhs, Yar Muhammad Khan joining hands with him. 

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4. YOGA

YOGA, derived from Sanskrit root yuj having its equivalent in Latin as jugum, in Gothic as juk, in German as jock, is the equivalent of yoke in English. Yoga refers to yoking or harnessing of mind in order to cultivate paravidya or higher knowledge, the result of those psychical and physical processes which are employed to discover man's supereme inner essence through samadhi. Samadhi being the ultimate stage, certain other ascetic practices precede it in the different varieties of Yoga such as Mantra, Hatha, Laya and Rajyoga.

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5. YUGAS (AGES)

YUGAS (AGES): In all the four ages, the True Bani (Divine hymns) is the ambrosia.(Dhanasan M. 3, p- 665) In all the four ages, they are seiled and full of dilt, whose mouths do not utter the Name of the Lord.(Sri Raga M. l, p. 57) The Yugas (ages) are four, viz., the Kritya Yuga (or Sat Yuga), the Treta, the Dwapara and the Kali Yuga. In order to estimate the period of each Yuga, the two Ayanas compose one year. One Ayana of six months is the period of sun's progress north or south of the ecliptic.

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