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Discover Guru Angad Dev's Chaudaha Ratan, the story of virtues and the divine churning for Amrita, revealing 14 treasures and spiritual enlightenment.

CHAKAR, village 17 km south of Jagraon (30° 47`N, 75° 28`E), in Ludhiana district, is sacred both to Guru Hargobind and Guru Gobind Singh. Guru Hargobind passed through here in the course of his tour of the Malva in 1631-32 and Guru Gobind Singh at the end of 1705 after the battle of Chamkaur. The Gurdwara Guru Sar Patshahi VI and X, an imposing structure, is situated at the northwestern corner of the village. Constructed during the 1970`s, it is a large square hall with a square sanctum at the far end.

CHANDRA SAIN SAINAPATI, commonly referred to as Sainapati and counted among the "fifty-two poets" of Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708), was the son of Bal Chand, an educated Man Jatt of Lahore. His original name was Chandra Sain, Sainapati being the pseudonym he had taken. Chandra Sain, taught by one Devi Das, joined the group of Guru Gobind Singh`s poets, and rendered into Hindi verse Chanakya Niti, the well known Sanskrit treatise on statecraft and diplomacy. His Sri Gur Sobha, a versified life sketch of Guru Gobind Singh describing his major battles, the creation of the Khalsa, and events following the evacuation of Anandpur, is a work of much historical value.

CHAR SAHIBZADE, (char = four + sahibzade = scions, young men of genteel birth) is a term endearingly used for the four sons of Guru Gobind Singh, Nanak X, all of whom died as martyrs while still very young. Their names are reverently preserved in Sikh memory and are recalled every time Sikh ardas or prayer of supplication is recited at a congregation or privately by an individual. See AJIT SINGH. SAHIBZADA; FATEH SINGH, SAHIBZADA; JUJHAR SINGH, SAHIBZADA; and ZORAWAR SINGH, SAHIBZADA

CHHACHHRAULI, a small town about 12 km northeast of Jagadhri (30° 10`N, 77° 18`E) in Ambala district of Haryana, was the capital of the princely state of Kalsia. Guru Gobind Singh is believed to have visited Chhachhrauli during his sojourn at Kapal Mochan in 1688. The site was brought to light only in 1920 by Sant Harnam Singh of Mastuana, and the building was erected by Rani RanbTr Kaur of Kalsia in 1924.

Discover Chritropakhyan, a collection of epic tales exploring women's virtues and deceits, ascribed to Guru Gobind Singh in the Dasam Granth.

CURRIE, SIR FREDERICK (1799-1875), diplomat, son of Mark Currie, was born on 3 February 1799. He came out to India in 1820, and served in various capacities in the civil and judicial departments before being appointed a judge in the North-West Frontier Province. He became foreign secretary to Government of India at Fort William in 1842. During the first Sikh war (1845-46), he remained with Governor General Lord Hardinge and was instrumental in arranging with the Sikhs the terms of the first treaty of Lahore.

CHAKK FATEH SINGHVALA. 3 km south of Bhuchcho Mandi (30° 13`N, 75° 5`E) in Bathinda district of the Punjab, and one of the cluster of villages known as Bhai ke Chakk because of the association of the family of Bhai Bhagatu with them, was visited by Guru Gobind Singh, on his way from Talvandi Sabo to Bathinda. ISJeth 1763 Bk / 16 May 1706 is preserved in local tradition as the date of Guru Gobind Singh`s arrival in the village where he put up for a week. The main shrine, Gurdwara Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Sahib, a 4metre square domed sanctum on a high plinth, is on the eastern outskirts of the village, with a small sarovar or holy tank in the vicinity.

Discover the intriguing tale of Chandu Shah, the wealthy banker whose arrogance led to a deadly conflict with Guru Arjan, shaping Sikh history.

CHATAR SINGH ATARlVALA (d. 1855), commander and provincial governor under minor Maharaja Duleep Singh, was the son of Jodh Singh Atarivala. Jodh Singh had joined the service of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1805 when he received large jagirs in the Pothohar country. On the death of his father in that year, Chatar Singh succeeded to the jagrrs, then amounting to over a lakh of rupees annually. He devoted most of his time to farming and kept generally aloof from state affairs during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. When after the assassination of his son, Maharaja Sher Singh, in September 1843, his daughter, Tej Kaur, was betrothed to Maharaja Duleep Singh, he came into prominence politically.

CHHAJJU, BHAI, a Bhalla Khatri of Sultanpur Lodhi, whose name figures in Bhai Gurdas, Varan, XI. 21, and who had embraced the Guru`s precept at the hands of Guru Amar Das. He once visited Amritsar with the sarig`at of Sultanpur and received instruction from Guru Arjan. See AKUL, BHAI, and BHIKHA, BHATT

CHUHAR, BHAI, Bhai Sam. Bhai Lala, all Sethi Khatris, and Bhai Nihalu were good musicians and had facility in expounding the holy hymns. Whenever they sang, discussed or discoursed on the sacred hymns, the sangat, records Bhai Mani Singh in his Sikhari di Bhagat Mala, felt deeply impressed. Guru Arjan appreciated their talent, too, and once spoke to them, "Good deeds are necessary along with a sweet voice.