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FATEHNAMAH, by Bhai Dyal Singh, is a versified account of the victory (fateh, in Persian) of the Sikhs in the battle fought on Sunday, 22 Baisakh 1854 Bk/30 April 1797, against Shah Zaman`s forces led by one of his generals Ahmad Khan, also called Shahanchi Khan, in which the latter got killed and his forces fled the field. Nothing is known about the poet who, judging from his diction, belonged to the western parts of the Punjab. The poet showers special praise on the Sikh warrior.

Explore the legacy of Fateh Kaur, Mai Fatto, wife of Baba Ala Singh, who played a crucial role in Patiala's history with diplomacy and leadership.

FAZALDAD KHAN CHIB (d. 1864), son of Raja Umar Khan Chib, was recipient of a pension of rupees four thousand from Maharaja Ranjit Singh which was originally granted to his elder brother Amir Khan as compensation for the confiscated territory of his father. Fazaldad Khan was taken into service by Prince Kharak Singh to whom the area of Khari Kariali, the territory which had belonged to Fazaldad Khan`s ancestors, was given in jagir. Ten years later some sovars or horsemen were also allowed him. Fazaldad Khan accompanied Sher Singh Atarivala to Multan in 1848, but did not join the rebellion. He died in 1864.

FATEH KHAN (d. 1818), son of Painda Khan, the Barakzai chief, who overthrew Shah Zaman, the king of Afghanistan (1793-1800), and placed his half-brother Shah Mahmud on the throne of Afghanistan, himself becoming prime minister. Shah Mahmud was dethroned in 1803 and was succeeded by Shah Shuja`. Fateh Khan expelled Shah Shuja` in 1809 and restored Shah Mahmud to sovereignty. Shah Shuja` fell into the hands of`Ata Muhammad Khan. the governor of Kashmir. As Kashmir was the richest province of the kingdom of Afghanistan, Fateh Khan turned his attention towards `Ata Muhammad Khan.

FERINGHEE is an adaptation of the Indo Persian term frangi or firingi used to denote a person of European origin. It is dervied from Frank, "a member of a group of ancient Germanic peoples dwelling in the regions of the Rhine, one division of whom, the Salians, conquered Gaul [modern France so named after them] about AD 500." Turks were the first Asian people to come in contact with Franks whom they called frangi, a name applied to all Europeans. Europeans who came to India following the arrival in 1498 at Calicut of Vasco de Gama, a Portuguese explorer, were also called Feringhees.

FATEH KHAN TIWANA (d. 1848) was the son of Khuda Yar Khan, a jagirdar in the neighbourhood of Dera Ismail Khan. The Sikh general, Hari Singh Nalva appointed him to take charge of Mittha Tiwana, country in the upper regions of the Sindh Sagar Doab. On being implicated in the assassination of Raja Dhian Singh in September 1843,Fateh Khan fled to Dera Ismail Khan and raised the standard of revolt. When in 1844 Diwan Lakkhi Mall was sent from Lahore to punish him, Fateh Khan took shelter in the fort of Tonk, but was forced to flee. He remained in hiding in the trans Indus territory.

FIVE EVILS or pancadokh or panj vikar as they are referred to in Sikh Scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib, are, according to Sikhism, the five major weaknesses of the human personality at variance with its spiritual essence. The common evils far exceed in number, but a group of five of them came to be identified because of the obstruction they are believed to cause in man\'s pursuit of the moral and spiritual path. The group of five evils comprises kama, krodha, lobha, moha, and ahankara (kama, karodh, lobh, moha and ahankar, in Punjabi); translated into English these words mean lust, wrath, greed, attachment and egoity, respectively. The word \'evil\' here may be understood to represent the connotation of Punjabi pap (sin), dokh (defect), or kilbikh (defilement).

Explore the epic battles of Sikh history, captured in poetic verse, as Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the Guru Khalsa triumph in Fatehnamah Guru Khalsa Ji Ka.

FIVE KHANDS or Panj Khands, lit. realms (panj == five, khand == region or realm), signifies in the Sikh tradition the five stages of spiritual progress leading man to the Ultimate Truth. The supporting text is a fragment from Guru Nanak`s Japu, stanzas 34 to 37. The Five Realms enumerated therein are dharam khand, the realm of righteous action (pauri 34), gian khand, the realm of knowledge (pauri 35), saram khand, the realm of spiritual endeavour (pauri 36), karam khand, the realm of grace, and sach khand the realm of Truth (pauri 37).

Explore the mysterious Fatehnamah, Guru Gobind Singh's letter to Aurangzeb, highlighting the severer tone on tyranny and deceit.

FIVE SYMBOLS, a set of five distinctive features or elements of personal appearance or apparel that set off Sikhs from the followers of any other religious faith. Any study of religious symbols involves a dual task: first, to explain the meaning of symbols not only in terms of their original connotations but also on the basis of contemporary categories of understanding; secondly, to discriminate between genuine symbolism and piny post hoc interpretations which later times may have imposed on things originally having little symbolic relevance. A symbol is generally defined as something that stands for, represents or denotes something else, especially a material object representing or taken to represent something immaterial or abstract, as being an idea, quality or condition. Words, phrases and sentences, for instance, represent various beings, ideas, qualities or conditions.

FATEH SHAH (d. 1716) was the ruler of the Himalayan state of Srinagar (Garhval) from 1684 to 1716. He had strained relations with Raja Medini Prakash of Sirmur. When Guru Gobind Singh made Paonta his headquarters in April 1685 at the invitation of the latter, he brought about reconciliation between Fateh Shah and the Sirmur chief. According to Sikh chroniclers, Guru Gobind Singh sent presents through his diwan, Nand Chand, to Raja Fateh Shah on the occasion of the marriage of his daughter to Ajmer Chand, son of Raja Bhim Chand of Kahlur. Bhim Chand, who resented the cordiality which existed between Guru Gobind Singh and Fateh Shah, urged the Srinagar ruler not to accept the presents sent by the Guru.