GURMAT MARTAND, by Bhai Kahn Singh, is a glossary in two volumes of terms bearing on different aspects of Sikh religion, theology and belief. The author undertook this work, arranged topically as well as alphabetically, with a view to rectifying some of the misconceptions about certain Sikh theological and conceptual doctrines and notions which had crept in as a result of ignorance of some chroniclers and the general inability of Sikhs to comprehend clearly and correctly the meaning of the canonical texts.
Published posthumously at first in 1938, the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee brought out another edition in 1962. The book contains entries comprehensive in their choice as well as treatment. Each subject title has first been explained briefly with regard to its meaning and usage. This is followed by quotations from the Guru Granth Sahib and other Sikh canonical and other literature so as to support the preceding explanation. The author has added at places detailed footnotes to explain any historical or mythological allusions.
There are also certain entries like “Khalse de Bole” which need no scriptural elucidation. In the Gurmat Mdrtand, the author follows, in the main, the style and format of his earlier works Gurmat Prabhdkar and Gurmat Sudhdkar published in 1898 and 1899, respectively. The author has made use of information contained in these works and has also supplemented it where necessary with textual references. He has also supplied explanatory notes and a detailed alphabetical index.
Gurmat Martand: A Glossary of Sikh Theology & Beliefs—an intellectual tapestry that deciphers and standardizes the core terminologies of Sikh thought. This seminal work, compiled by Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha, stands as a cornerstone in Sikh scholarship, offering clear definitions and nuanced interpretations of the multifaceted concepts that shape the Sikh worldview.
Historical Context and Purpose
Origins and Rationale
Emerging from the vibrant intellectual milieu of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Gurmat Martand was envisioned as a comprehensive reference to elucidate the language of Sikh theology. During a time when the Sikh community was navigating the complexities of modernity, colonial encounters, and internal reform, Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha aimed to stabilize and standardize the interpretation of key doctrinal terms. The glossary not only served as an educational tool but also as an instrument to unify diverse interpretations of Sikh scriptures and oral traditions. In doing so, the work provided a foundation for preserving what is known as Gurmat—the wisdom and teachings of the Sikh Gurus.
Structure and Content
A TwoVolume Lexicon
Gurmat Martand spans two volumes, each meticulously cataloging terms that address various dimensions of Sikh thought—from core theological tenets to less commonly discussed cultural idioms. Its entries are more than mere dictionary definitions. They often incorporate historical context, scriptural references, and critical commentary, thereby offering a dynamic interplay between language, belief, and practice. Whether the subject is the metaphysical exploration of divine oneness or the practical ethics of Kirat Karni (honest living), the gloss articulates the intrinsic connections between spiritual ideals and everyday life. This methodical approach has rendered the work indispensable for scholars, students, and laypersons who seek a deeper understanding of Sikh theology.
Methodological Rigor
Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha’s method in compiling Gurmat Martand reflects the rigor of classical exegesis. By drawing upon primary texts—the Guru Granth Sahib, classical commentaries, and historical treatises—he not only clarifies the meanings of terms but also traces their evolution over time. This careful synthesis of linguistic, religious, and cultural insights allows the glossary to function both as a reference work and a guide to the spiritual heritage of Sikhism.
Thematic and Theological Insights
Illuminating Sikh Ethos
At its core, Gurmat Martand is an exploration of Sikh theology—a path marked by the luminous teachings of the Gurus. The term “Martand,” which translates to “sun” or “radiant light,” is emblematic of the work’s intent: to be an illuminating force that dispels the obscurity around complex theological concepts. The glossary engages deeply with ideas such as Ik Onkar (the oneness of God), the nature of divine revelation in Shabad (the Word), and the spiritual imperatives of Naam Simran (meditative remembrance). Each entry encapsulates layers of meaning that interweave the mystical with the practical, offering both spiritual solace and pragmatic guidance to its readers.
Bridging Tradition and Modernity
By codifying the language of Sikh theology, Gurmat Martand plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between traditional doctrinal interpretations and the needs of a modern community. It provides the basis for intellectual continuity—a reminder of the timelessness of Sikh wisdom in a rapidly evolving world. The glossary not only preserves the heritage of Gurmat but also adapts it to contemporary discourse, ensuring that Sikh identity remains both rooted and resilient.
Impact and Legacy
A Cultural and Scholarly Beacon
Over time, Gurmat Martand has become much more than a reference text—it is a cultural artifact that encapsulates the scholarly endeavors of a community in search of clarity and cohesion. Educators, theologians, and historians cite it as an authoritative source, while its clear expositions have helped shape the religious education curriculum in many Sikh institutions. Its influence extends beyond academia, informing the way practitioners across the world engage with their faith on a daily basis.
Ongoing Relevance
In the broader landscape of Sikh literature, Gurmat Martand remains a vital resource that continues to inspire debate and further research. Its definitions, while grounded in classical scholarship, invite reinterpretation by successive generations, ensuring that Sikh theological discourse remains dynamic and responsive to new challenges. This adaptive legacy underscores its role as a living document—a perpetual guide that evolves with the community it serves.
Concluding Thoughts
Gurmat Martand: A Glossary of Sikh Theology & Beliefs is a profound and meticulously crafted work that opens a window into the soul of Sikh doctrine. Its careful delineation of terms and concepts not only preserves the wisdom of the past but also equips contemporary Sikh society with the intellectual tools to interpret and live out its faith authentically. Through a deep understanding of this glossary, one can appreciate how language and belief are inextricably linked in the unfolding narrative of Sikhism.
