MADAN SINGH, BHAI (d. 1705), one of the martyrs of Chamkaur (7 December 1705), was, according to local tradition popular in and around Bhagrana in Fatehgarh Sahib district of the Punjab, the son of Bhai Diala, a weaver of that village. Bhai Diala had received instruction from Guru Tegh Bahadur

UJAGAR SINGH, BHAI (1902-1921), one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs, was born on 10 June 1902, the son of Bhai Jagat Singh and Mat Dial Kaur of Chakk 64 Bandala Nihaloana in Lyallpur (now Faisalabad) district of Pakistan. He learnt Gurmukhi at the village gurdwara and was able fluently to

SURAIN SINGH, BHAI (1895-1921), one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs, came from Chakk No. 80 Nizampur Mula Singhvala, district Sheikhupura. He was the second of the six children of Bhai Ram Singh and Mai Hukam Kaur. He learnt Gurmukhi from the village priest and was initiated into the Khalsa Panth

SUNDAR SINGH JATHEDAR, BHAI (1869-1921), one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs, was the son of Bhai Bishan Singh and Mai Indar Kaur of village Dhudial, in Jalandhar district. His ancestors came from Bandala village in Amritsar district where they had served in the chief ship of Sardar Baghel Singh of

SHAHID SIKH MISSIONARY COLLEGE, at Amritsar, a college for training Sikh preachers, was opened in October 1927 in memory of the shahids, i.e. martyrs, who had on 20 February 1921 laid down their lives at Nankana Sahib, birthplace of Guru Nanak, during the campaign for the reform of the management

SANTA SINGH, BHAI (1886-1921), one of the martyrs of Nankana Sahib, came of a poor barber family of Fatehgarh Sukkarchakkian, a village near Amritsar. His father Bhai Mohra however had become through thrift and hard work a small shopkeeper and moneylender. Santa Singh learnt Gurmukhi from the village granthi, Bhai

NANKANA SAHIB MASSACRE refers to the grim episode during the Gurdwara Reform movement in which a peaceful batch of reformist Sikhs was subjected to a murderous assault on 20 February 1921 in the holy shrine at Nankana Sahib, the birthplace of Guru Nanak. This shrine along with six others in

NAND SINGH. BHAI (1888-1921), one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs, was born on 15 Savan 1945 Bk/29July 1888, the son of Bhai Bhagvan Singh and Mai Nihal Kaur of Thothian village in Amritsar district. He learnt Urdu at school. After the death of his father in 1902, he as the

MAGH SINGH, BHAI (d. 1924), one of the martyrs of Jaito morcha, was the son of Bhai Sham Singh and Mai Dharmon, farmers of the village of Lande in Moga tahsil (sub-division) of the present Moga district. In his early youth Magh Singh had enlisted in the army and had

ARDAS (Prayer): Ardaas is a combination of two words: Araz and Daashat (literally: the petition of a slave). As a slave is to the Master, the Sikh is to the Almighty, but the root of a Sikhs slavery of the Almighty is not awe of the Almighty but love

KOTHA SINGH, BHAI (d. 1705). also known as Katha Singh, was one of the martyrs of Chamkaur Sahib battle fought on 7 December 1705.

KESAR SINGH, BHAI (1893-1921), one of the martyrs of Nankana Sahib, was born on 3 Bhadori 1950 Bk/17 August 1893, the son of Bhai Pal Singh and Mai Lachchhi of Chakk No 38 Nizampur Deva Singhvala, in Sheikhupura district. He made his living by cattle grazing. Blessed with a