RAM SINGH (d. 1836), son of Bhagat Singh, descended from the Tsapur branch of the Randhava family founded by his grandfather Dasaundha Singh. Dasaundha Singh, on receiving the Sikh initiatory rites in 1730, entered the service of Adina Beg and remained with him for several years

JAGIRDARI, a feudal system of political and revenue administration based on jagir, lit. fief or grant of land received from the sovereign or a vassal owing fealty and obedience to him. Sikhs who, after the fall of Sirhind in early 1764, started occupying territory, did not automatically take to the

IMAM SHAH (d. 1846), who rose to be a colonel in Ranjit Singh`s army entered the service of Jodh Singh of Wazirabad in 1809 as an artillery Jamadar. He was of Persian descent and a grandson of Qamar udDin, an officer in the army of Nadir Shah. In 1810,

JAN SAHIB (as the name is recorded in Sikh documents), a Frenchman, originally employed by the Barakzai sarddrs of Kabul. He left them in 1824 and entered Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s service.

JAVALA SINGH PADHANIA alias LAKHDATA (d. 1835), a SandhuJatt of the village of Padhana, in Lahore district, was a military commander in Sikh times. His father, Mit Singh (d. 1814), had joined service under Mahari Singh Sukkarchakkia and continued to serve under his son Maharaja Ranjit Singh, taking part

JIVAN SINGH, COLONEL (d. 1851). eldest of the six sons of Dula Singh of Kalasvala in Siakot district, joined the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and was placed under Prince Kharak Singh. He first saw active service in Kashmir where he was wounded. For the bravery he displayed in

KAHN SINGH (d. 1876), son of Dula Singh, belonged to the village of KaIasvala, in Sialkot district. He began his career in Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s army under General Avkabile and was present in the Khaibar Pass actions and throughout the Yusafzai campaign. He served in the Sher Dil Paltan

KARAM SINGH CHAHAL (d. 1823) was, like his father Kattha Singh, in the service of the Bhangi sarddrst.a.hma. Singh and Gujjar Singh before he joined Ranjit Singh`s army after he had seized Lahore in 1799 from Lahina Singh Bhangi`s son, Chet Singh. Karam Singh rapidly rose in the Maharaja`s

KARAM SINGH SIDDHU, son of Dial Singh, of village Othiari in Gurdaspur district, popularly known as Karam Singh Othiarivala, rendered service in several campaigns undertaken by Maharaja Ranjil Singh, including those of Peshawar and Hazara. Under the Sikh court he received rupees 1,800 annually subject to the service of

KEHAR SINGH, BHAI (1869-1921), one of the Nankana Sahib martyrs, was the eldest of the three sons of Bhai Jivan Singh and Mai Harnarn Kaur of the village of Jarg, in Patiala state. Kchar Singh grew up into a strongly built, fair complexioned, young man much interested in wrestling

LALU, BHAI, headman of Khadur (Sahib), a village in Amritsar district of the Punjab, became a devout Sikh of Guru Angad. According to Bhai Mani Singh, Sikhan di Bhagat Mala, he along with Bhai Durga and Bhai Jivanda once begged the Guru to show them the way to liberation.

LANE, STEPHEN, an American, who served for some years in Scindia`s army rising lo the rank of lieutenant. Hejoined Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s army in 1834, and was entrusted with the command of a battalion. Being an habitual drunkard, he was dismissed from service after about 18 months and deported