PAL SINGH ARIF, SANT (1873-1958), mystic and poet, was born on Maghar sudi 15, 1930 Bk/4 December 1873, the son of Gurdit Singh Sandhu and Sahib Kaur of the village of Paddhari, now in Amritsar district of the Punjab. He learnt to read and write Punjabi from the village granthi

MADDOKE, village 16 km southeast of Moga (30°-48\'N, 75°-10\'E), in Moga district, has a historical shrine, Gurdwara Guru Sar, dedicated to Guru Hargobind who, according to local tradition, visited this place twice, once on his way back from Nanak Mata to Darauli and again after the battle of Mehraj.

VAR HAQIQAT RAI, by Aggra or Aggar Singh, is a versified account of the life and martyrdom of Haqiqat Rai. No biographical details are available about Aggra, except that he was a contemporary of Haqiqat Rai and that he came of a Sethi Khatri family. Haqiqat Rai was the son

TARAN SINGH (1922-1981), scholar and teacher of Sikh studies, was born on 18 February 1922, the son of Bhai Nidhan Singh Makan of village Kallar Kohar in Jehlum district (now in Pakistan). Having received his early education in the village school, he passed his Giani (Honours in Punjabi) examination of

SANTOKH SINGH, BHAI (1893-1927), a Ghadr leader, was born in Singapore in 1893, where his father, Javala Singh, of the village of Dhardeo (Amritsar district), was employed as a gunner in the army. Santokh Singh had his early education in a school in Singapore and learnt Punjabi (Gumukhi script)

SIKH CALENDAR or system of reckoning chronology or dates of events in Sikh history is generally based on the Vikrami Samvat (Bikrami Sammat, in Punjabi), a system mostly in vogue in northern India, although other systems the Hijri during the Muslim period and Christian since the advent of the

SHERIFF, a Spaniard, who joined the Sikh army as an engineer in 1841 on a salary of Rs 300 per month. He had not been in service more than an year when he fell off his horse and died in Lahore.

SARHALA (popularly known as Sarhala Rannuan), village 12 km west of Bahga (31`1 I`M, 76"E) in Jalandhar district of the Punjab, has within its revenue limits a historical shrine, Gurdwara Gurplah Panj Tahli, dedicated to Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621-75), who stayed here once during a journey through the Doaba

SAHIB SINGH ISAPURIA (b.1805), son of Ram Singh Randhava, belonged to the Isapur branch of the Randhava family founded by his great grand father, Dasaundha Singh. At the time of his father`s death in 1836, he was serving under Raja Suchet Singh Dogra. He participated in many of Maharaja

AMAR SINGH MAJITHIA (d. 1848). known as Amar Singh Khurd (junior) to distinguish him from his namesake Amar Singh Kalan (senior) who was also from the village of Majitha, son of Mahna Singh (d. 1802), was aJagmfar and military commander under Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He was placed in the

Kaur (Cour), Ajeet is a person of unusual passion whether it is as a daughter, sister, wife, lover, mother, creative artist or a social activist. Primarily a fiction writer, she has nine collections of short stories and two novels to her credit. She was born in 1934 in Lahore