Writings by non-Sikhs on Sikhs and Punjab

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Discover PAKNAMAH, an apocryphal text urging faith, self-control & Islamic conduct, attributed to Guru Nanak. Embrace virtues for a balanced life.

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Explore the Punjabi poem celebrating Hari Singh Nalva's bravery. Discover Qadar Yar's homage to the legendary general's feats in defending Jamrud Fort.

portrait freiherr von huegel

Explore the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh with Baron Hugel's 1835 travelogue, detailing culture, history, and the majestic landscapes of Punjab and Kashmir.

akhbar ludhiana

AKHBAR LUDHIANA, a weekly newspaper in Persian sponsored by the British North-West Frontier Agency at Ludhiana in November 1834.

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Explore the life of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, through insightful biographies. Discover his impact on Sikh history and traditions.

portrait painting of the late hari ram gupta

Discover the intricate dynamics of Panjab before the First Sikh War with key insights on power struggles, army tensions, and socio-economic conditions.

mah duleep singh 1

Explore the fall of the Sikh kingdom & Maharaja Duleep Singh's life in 'Sikh Yuddher Itihas O Maharaja Duleep Singh' by Barodakanta Mitra.

ernest trumpp

Discover the earliest English translation of Sikh scripture by linguist Dr. Ernest Trumpp, offering insights into the sacred Guru Granth Sahib.

amir ulila

Explore Amir Ulimla, a rare manuscript of 247 Persian letters from Sikh chiefs of Punjab, highlighting power struggles and alliances. Only at British Library.

maharaja ranjit singh in darbar

Delve into the illuminated manuscript of Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army accounts, exploring military administration, pay scales, and structure of the Sikh army.

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Explore PARAS BHAG, a revered adaptation in Sadh Bhakha of Al Ghazzali's work, influential among Sevapanthi Sikhs for its moral and spiritual guidance.

sikhs and afghans

Explore the 1838-39 expedition to Kabul through the Punjab and Khaibar Pass. Discover key figures, including British, Sikh, and Afghan alliances.

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Explore the deeper meaning of Aarti in Hinduism and Sikhism, where true worship goes beyond rituals and embraces the beauty of nature and truth.

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Explore the profound concept of Aatma and its connection to Paramaatma, God, and the transcendental self in Sikh and Hindu philosophies.

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Explore the distinctive and largely unknown Sikh architectural style, with its rich history in gurdwaras, forts, and palaces, by S.S. Bhatti.

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Discover the captivating history and architecture of Samman Burj, the octagonal Mughal marvel in Lahore Fort, known for its royal and administrative legacy.

The Sikh Encyclopedia

This website based on Encyclopedia of Sikhism by Punjabi University , Patiala by Professor Harbans Singh.