SOBHA SINGH, SIR (1890-1978), the single largest builder and real estate owner of New Delhi, was the elder of the two sons of Sujan Singh, the younger one being Ujjal Singh who made himself famous as a Punjab parliamentarian. Sobha Singh was born in the village of Hadali in Khushab, district Sargodha, now in Pakistan. After a few years at school in Amritsar, he joined his father`s business, supervising the laying of railway tracks and the digging of tunnels. Father and son shifted to Delhi when the Viceroy, Lord Hardinge, announced that the Coronation Durbar for King George and the Queen would take place in Delhi in December 1911.
This meant the shifting of the Indian capital from Calcutta to Delhi. Sobha Singh and his father decided to move to Delhi as building contractors. Building contracts then were going abegging, and the Sujan SinghSobha Singh team were readily accepted as seniorgrade contractors. Plans for the new city were drawn up immediately after the Coronation Durbar. Foundation stones had already been laid by the King and Queen.
But the architects, Ed ii Lutyens and Herbert Baker at the head of the team of town planners, said that the site where the foundation stones had been laid was unsuitable and that it would have to be Raisina hill and the village of Malcha. The first task for Sobha Singh was to uproot the foundation stones under cover of darkness and take them 11 km across the city and replant them on the new sites chosen for them. Although the blueprints submitted by Lutyens and Baker were soon approved, the construction could not be taken up until after World War I (1914-18). For the South Block, Sobha Singh was chosen to be the sole builder. In addition, he received contracts for some parts of the Viceregal House (now Rashtrapati Bhavan) and Vijaya Chowk.
Another major building that fell to his exclusive share was the War Memorial Arch (India Gate).Sobha Singh had great faith in the future of the new city. Perhaps that is why while others were reluctant to buy land and build their own houses in what was then only a barren wasteland, he bought as much land in Delhi as he could. He bought several extensive sites at as little as Rs 2 per square yard, freehold. There were few other takers, and he came to be described as adhi dilli ka malik (the owner of half of Delhi).
What Sobha Singh accomplished in New Delhi constitutes a very impressive list of buildings and houses.Besides, several residential and commercial houses built on his own sites, he raised the Chelmsford Club, A.I.F. A.C.`s Hall, Broadcasting House (All India Radio), the National Museum, Dyal Singh College, T.B.Hospital, Modern School, Deaf and Dumb School, Red Cross Buildings and Baroda House. Outside Delhi, he built the High Court and Medical College at Nagpur and the Pasteur Institute at Kasauli. Sobha Singh`s success as a builder made him one of the wealthiest persons of Delhi; also, a prominent member of the social elite.
He was only modestly educated. Despite this handicap, he became the first Indian president of the New Delhi Municipal Committee.He was knighted by the government and appointed a member of the Council of States. He entertained lavishly and his guest lists always included a mixture of dignitaries from the local circuit as well as from the diplomatic corps. These weekly banquets became the talk of the city.
Sobha Singh left the greater part of his private estate to a charitable trust and presided over some of the institutions funded by it like the Deaf and Dumb School and the Modern School. Among his last bequests was one for Bhagat Puran Singh`s Pingalvara in Amritsar, home for lepers. Sir Sobha Singh had four sons and a daughter by his wife, Lady Vira Bai (Varyam Kaur). Writer and author, his son “ELS” has made himself known the world over for his audacious and fresh style of writing.
Sir Sobha Singh died in Delhi on 18 April 1978.
Sobha Singh stands as one of New Delhi’s most iconic builders and visionaries—an architect of a city and an entrepreneur whose pragmatic foresight reshaped India’s capital. Born in what was then British India (in Hadali, Khushab, now in Pakistan), Sobha Singh rose from humble beginnings to become the master builder behind many of the landmarks that define Lutyens’ Delhi. His early immersion in his family’s construction business provided him with the expertise and daring needed to step into a rapidly modernizing world during the early twentieth century. His technical prowess and innovative mindset allowed him to secure pivotal contracts for projects that remain symbolic of New Delhi’s emergence as a national capital .
As the new capital was being conceptualized, architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker sought collaborators who could translate their grand designs into built reality. Sobha Singh excelled in this role, becoming the senior-grade contractor entrusted with constructing core government edifices such as the South Block (today home to various ministries), segments of the Viceregal House (now the Rashtrapati Bhavan), and the majestic India Gate. Recognizing the potential of a city in its embryonic stage, he also bought large tracts of land at nominal rates—earning him the moniker “Adhi Dilli ka Malik” (the owner of half of Delhi). His business acumen ensured that as New Delhi transitioned from a barren landscape to an urban marvel, his visionary contribution was firmly embedded in its fabric .
Beyond the realm of construction, Sobha Singh’s legacy is equally marked by his deep civic engagement. Not only a builder, he assumed leadership roles—serving multiple terms as the president of the New Delhi Municipal Council. In these capacities, he helped steer the administrative framework that underpinned the city’s orderly growth and modernization. His life and work remind us that visionary entrepreneurship, when coupled with community responsibility, can forge enduring legacies that transcend generations.
