PIR MUHAMMAD KHAN, one of the Barakzai brothers who came into control of Peshawar which became a tributary to Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1823. Dost Muhammad Khan who had established himself in power at Kabul bitterly felt the loss of Peshawar. Pir Muhammad along with his brother, Sultan Muhammad,

RATTRAY alias LESLIE, an English soldier of fortune who served in Lahore during 1834-36 as one of the commandants of a battalion of the Sikh army. In 1836, he deserted the Sikh army to join the forces of Dost Muhammad Khan, Amir of Kabul. He fought on the side

AKHBAR LUDHIANA, a weekly newspaper in Persian sponsored by the British North-West Frontier Agency at Ludhiana in November 1834. The paper, a four page sheet initially, but doubling its size within two years, started printing at the American Missionary Press, Ludhiana, shifting to the Pashauri Mall Press, Ludhiana, in June

GORDON (d. 1837), often miscalled Canon, an Anglo Indian, entered the service of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1820 as an infantry instructor on a salary of Rs 500 per month. Later, he was put in command of a battalion of artillery. In July 1822, his battalion received approbation from Allard

JAWAHAR SINGH RANDHAVA, son ot`Prem Singh, a soldier in the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, belonged lo the Randhava family of the village of Khunda in Gurdaspur district, who had once been with the Kanhaiya misi, but a major portion of whose territory had been confiscated by the Maharaja.