emperor

Explore Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri, the autobiographical memoirs of Emperor Jahangir, masterfully translated and edited, revealing insights into his reign (1605-1627).

DARA SHUKOH, PRINCE (1615-1659), the eldest son of Prince Khurram (later Emperor ShahJahan), was born on 30 March 1615 at Ajmer. Following the failure of his father`s rebellion against his grandfather, Emperor Jaharigir, Dara and his brother, Aurarigzib, were sent to the Emperor as hostages. They arrived at Lahore in June 1626 and rejoined their father only after the tatter`s coronation on 4 February 1628. Educated under eminent Muslim scholars and trained in the affairs of State, Dara was given his first military rank or mansab and assigned a.jagir at the age of 18. 

Discover the legacy of Raja Ram Singh of Amber, his connection with Sikh Gurus, and his role in Mughal history during Aurangzib's reign.

Explore the legacy of Gajpat Singh, founder of Jind, his alliance with Amar Singh, and impact on Punjab history. Learn about his strategic conquests.

Explore the historic rise of the Ruhilas from the Yusafzai tribe, establishing power between the Ganges and Kumaon hills in the 18th century.

Discover Ganj Namah, Bhai Nand Lal's poetic tribute in Persian honoring the Ten Sikh Gurus, reflecting profound devotion and spiritual brilliance.

Learn about Mata Sahib Devan, the revered mother of the Khalsa, and her role in Sikh history alongside Guru Gobind Singh.

GOBIND SINGH, GURU (1666-1708), the tenth and the last Guru or Prophet teacher of the Sikh faith, was born Gobind Rai on Poh sudi 7, 1723 Bk/22 December 1666 at Patna, in Bihar. His father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, the Ninth Guru, was then travelling across Bengal and Assam. Returning to Patna in 1670, he directed his family to return to the Punjab. On the site of the house at Patna in which Gobind Rai was born and where he spent his early childhood now stands a sacred shrine, Takht Sri Harimandar Sahib, one of the five most honoured scats of religious authority (takht, lit. throne) for the Sikhs.

Explore the rich history of Sikhs' relations with Mughal emperors, from spiritual meetings to persecution, highlighting resilience and transformation.

Explore the life of Bhai Gurdas, a revered Sikh scholar who inscribed the first Guru Granth Sahib under Guru Arjan's supervision.

Explore the memoires of Mirza Mubarakullah Wazih capturing Mughal history from 1707-1714, including the Battle of Lohgarh, in this Persian manuscript.

ABUL FAZL (1551-1602), principal secretary-cum-minister to Akbar, the Mughal emperor. He was an accomplished man of learning and was the author of two celebrated works, A`ini Akbari and Akbar-nama, the former being a description of Akbar`s administrative system and the latter a chronicle of the events of his reign. Like his father, Shaikh Mubarak, and brother, Faizi, Abul Fazl had Sufi leanings, and all three of them were a major influence in moulding the religious policy of the emperor. Born at Akbarabad on 14 January 1551, Abul Fazl took up service at the royal court in 1574, and through his uncommon wisdom and learning soon rose to become Akbar`s most trusted adviser.