european

Explore the thrilling journey of John Holmes, a Eurasian soldier in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army, and uncover his dual role as a British spy in the 1800s.

Discover VOCHUS, a Russian employed in 1823 at Lahore's Sikh-run gunpowder factory. Learn more about European adventurers in Northern India.

BENET, a Frenchma n, was one of the European physicians at the court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He arrived at Lahore in 1838, and was given employment as a personal physician to the Maharaja and surgeon general to the Khalsa army on a monthly salary of Rs 1,000. After the Maharaja`s death, Benet left Lahore. He shifted to Ludhiana and started practice as a physician. He had some trouble with the British there and was forced to return to his native France.

Discover the story of HOMMUS, a Spaniard who joined the Khalsa Darbar in 1842, worked in gunpowder, and his untimely death in Lahore. Learn more.

Explore WEIR's journey, a Russian in the Khalsa army, his marriage to a Kashmiri Muslim, and life in Lahore. Discover European adventurers in 1842 India.

BOYLE, a French national, who, deserting the First European high Infantry, joined the Khalsa army in 1843. He was killed fighting against the British in the first AngIo Sikh war (1845-46).

Explore the journey of HURELEEK, a Greek who joined the Sikh infantry in 1841 under Maharaja Sher Singh's reign. Discover his story of adventure.

hyderabadi sikhs

Discover the impactful history of Deccan Khalsa Diwan, aiding displaced Sikhs during Indian Independence and nurturing education in Bombay.

Explore the journey of Jan Sahib from Kabul to serving Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1824, as recorded in Sikh documents.

DEPUIS or DE LUST, a French soldier of fortune who came to Lahore in 1842, and was employed by the Sikh Darbar as a trainer of gunner recruits. Later, he was made commandant of a battalion, but, being found unfit for command, he was removed from service in 1844. He then proceeded to Shimla where he opened a school for teaching French and dancing.

Discover how Jones, a deserter, became a key gunner in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army, crucial to the 1818 Battle of Multan. Learn about his remarkable journey!

DOTTENWEISS or DOTTERWICH, a short statured, stoutly built German who, in 1835, joined the army of Maharaja Ranjit Singh as a military tactician. He was found unequal to the appointment and was dismissed from the service soon afterwards.

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4 years Ago

Explore the deeper meaning of Aarti in Hinduism and Sikhism, where true worship goes beyond rituals and embraces the beauty of nature and truth.

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4 years Ago

Explore the profound concept of Aatma and its connection to Paramaatma, God, and the transcendental self in Sikh and Hindu philosophies.

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Explore the distinctive and largely unknown Sikh architectural style, with its rich history in gurdwaras, forts, and palaces, by S.S. Bhatti.

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Discover the captivating history and architecture of Samman Burj, the octagonal Mughal marvel in Lahore Fort, known for its royal and administrative legacy.

The Sikh Encyclopedia

This website based on Encyclopedia of Sikhism by Punjabi University , Patiala by Professor Harbans Singh.