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ALEXANDER ALIAS MUHAMMAD SADIQ, a European of unknown nationality, who drifted to Lahore in 1841 from Kabul, where he had served in Shah Shuja\'s army, and had adopted the Muslim faith. He joined the Khalsa army as a battalion commander serving under John Holmes.

GOMEZ, also known as Lawrence Goniez Allard, was a Portuguese. Hejoined the Khalsa army in 1842. After the Anglo Sikh wars, he was taken by the British as adjutant in one of the police battalions raised from the disbanded Sikh soldiery. He retired in 1862.

Discover the story of Sheriff, a Spaniard engineer in the Sikh army in 1841. Tragically, he met his end in Lahore within a year after a horse fall.

Discover the intriguing journey of Alvarine, an Italian adventurer, who served under the Sikh Darbar in 1841 and left an enduring legacy in Northern India.

GOULD, JOHN (d. 1842), an English soldier of fortune who arrived at Lahore with his brother in law Colonel Van Cortlandt. He took up service under Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1834. He commanded a battalion of the Sikh army and remained in servk :e for eight years till his death in 1842 at Firoxpur.

Discover VOCHUS, a Russian employed in 1823 at Lahore's Sikh-run gunpowder factory. Learn more about European adventurers in Northern India.

george baker

Discover George Baker, a Eurasian drum major in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's battalion. Explore European adventurers of Northern India. Learn more today!

Explore the journey of HARVEY, the English physician in 1838 Punjab, serving under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, before falling ill and leaving in 1839.

Explore WEIR's journey, a Russian in the Khalsa army, his marriage to a Kashmiri Muslim, and life in Lahore. Discover European adventurers in 1842 India.

Explore the daring escape and valiant battles of Englishman Barlow from being a prisoner in Afghanistan to his roles in the Sikh Empire until 1845.

Discover HEST, a Greek commandant in Hyderabad before joining the Sikh army in 1843. Learn about his legacy and tragic end in Lahore.

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4 years Ago

Explore the deeper meaning of Aarti in Hinduism and Sikhism, where true worship goes beyond rituals and embraces the beauty of nature and truth.

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4 years Ago

Explore the profound concept of Aatma and its connection to Paramaatma, God, and the transcendental self in Sikh and Hindu philosophies.

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Explore the distinctive and largely unknown Sikh architectural style, with its rich history in gurdwaras, forts, and palaces, by S.S. Bhatti.

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Discover the captivating history and architecture of Samman Burj, the octagonal Mughal marvel in Lahore Fort, known for its royal and administrative legacy.

The Sikh Encyclopedia

This website based on Encyclopedia of Sikhism by Punjabi University , Patiala by Professor Harbans Singh.