European adventurers, scholars and officials

ARGOUD, BENOIT

Explore the adventurous and tumultuous life of Benoit Argoud, a quarrelsome Frenchman who joined Maharaja Ranjit Singh's infantry in 1836.

CLERK, SIR GEORGE RUSSELL (1800-1889), diplomat, son of John Clerk, entered the service of the East India Company as a...

FARRIS (d. 1842), a Frenchman, who joined the Sikh army in 1841 and was employed in the gunpowder factory. He...

Explore the journey of HARVEY, the English physician in 1838 Punjab, serving under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, before falling ill and...

Discover Littler's role as a garrison commander at Firozpur during the First Anglo-Sikh War. Learn about his strategic maneuvers and...

Explore the storied career of Sir George Pollock, field marshal and baronet, renowned for his pivotal role in Afghanistan retribution...

Explore Sir Claude Martine Wade's diplomatic finesse with the Sikhs and his impactful role in Anglo-Sikh relations during the 19th...

Discover George Eden's role as Governor General of India, focusing on his policies during the Afghan conflict and relations with...

CORTLANDT. HENRY CHARLES VAN (1814-1888), son of Colonel Henry Clinton Van Cortlandt of the British army, by an Indian wife,...

FORD, MATTHEW WILLIAM (d. 1841), an Englishman who started his career in 1804 as an ensign in a West India...

Discover HEST, a Greek commandant in Hyderabad before joining the Sikh army in 1843. Learn about his legacy and tragic...

Explore the life of Max Arthur Macauliffe, renowned translator of Sikh scriptures and historian of Sikhism, who made Sikh traditions...