European adventurers, scholars and officials

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LAIRDEE

Discover Lairdee's dramatic journey from serving the East India Company to fighting against the English in the First Anglo-Sikh War...

MURRAY, Dr

Discover Dr. Murray's journey to Lahore to treat Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Explore his engaging despatches revealing court splendor and military...

THOMAS, GEORGE

Explore the adventurous life of George Thomas, an Irish soldier who deserted the British navy, served in Indian armies, and...

ALLARD, BENJAMIN

Discover Benjamin Allard's pivotal role in 19th-century Lahore's trade networks and European investments, blending commerce with personal legacy.

BURN, Lt-CoL,

BURN, LtCoL, who commanded British detachments at Deoband, now in Uttar Pradesh, led in 1804 an expedition against the cis...

GOUGH, SIR HUGH

Discover the life and legacy of Sir Hugh Gough, a key commander in the Sikh Wars, navigating complex military and...

LANE, STEPHEN

Discover the intriguing story of Stephen Lane, an American who rose through Scindia's ranks and joined Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army...

NICHOLSON, JOHN

NICHOLSON, JOHN (1821-1857), political assistant at Firozpur (1844-45), was born in Dublin on 11 December 1821, the son of Dr...

THOMAS, JACOB

Discover the fascinating journey of Jacob Thomas, son of Irish adventurer George Thomas, from serving Begam Samru to commanding in...

ALLARD, JEAN FRANCOIS

ALLARD, JEAN FRANCOIS (1785-1839), Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, an order instituted in 1802 by Napoleon I, was born...

BURNES, SIR ALEXANDER

BURNES, SIR ALEXANDER (1805-1841), British traveller, explorer and writer, was born on 16 May 1805. He joined Bombay infantry in...

The Sikh Encyclopedia

This website based on Encyclopedia of Sikhism by Punjabi University , Patiala by Professor Harbans Singh.