COURT, CLAUDE AUGUSTE (1793-1880), general in the Sikh army, honorary general of France, Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, recipient of the Auspicious Order of the Punjab, Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society of England, and Member of several continental scientific and learned societies, was born at Saint Cezaire, France, on 24 September 1793. In 1813. he joined the French army. After Napoleon`s defeat at Waterloo in 1815 he was dismissed from service.
FRANCIS, a French adventurer, who arrived at Lahore in 1833 and joined Maharaja Ranjit Singli`s army. But he had no military training, and was discharged from the service soon afterwards.
Explore the thrilling journey of John Holmes, a Eurasian soldier in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army, and uncover his dual role as a British spy in the 1800s.
Explore the life of Sir William Hay Macnaghten, pivotal in Anglo-Sikh and Afghan relations, and his role in the 1838 Tripartite treaty.
Uncover the legacy of John Ramsay, a Eurasian musician and drum major under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, as recorded in European Adventurers of Northern India.
Discover the impactful legacy of Sir William Sampson Whish, the divisional commander who led British forces in the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Explore the daring escape and valiant battles of Englishman Barlow from being a prisoner in Afghanistan to his roles in the Sikh Empire until 1845.
CUNNINGHAM, JOSEPH DAVEY (1812-1851), the first British historian of the Sikhs (his A History of the Sikhs was published in London in 1849), was the eldest of the five sons of Allan Cunningham, a noted poet and playwright. Born at Lambeth on 9 June 1812, Joseph had his early education in private schools in London where he showed such a marked aptitude for mathematics that his father was advised to send him to Cambridge. But as the young boy was more keen on becoming a soldier, a cadetship in the East India Company`s service was procured him through the good offices of Sir Walter Scott.
FUKINAUL, THOMAS, a Frenchman, who during 1822-23 was in Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s service, employed in the gunpowder factory.
Discover the story of HOMMUS, a Spaniard who joined the Khalsa Darbar in 1842, worked in gunpowder, and his untimely death in Lahore. Learn more.
Explore the life of MAHER JOHN, a unique Eurasian musician and drum-major in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army, highlighting European adventurers in India.
Explore the intriguing journey of RATTRAY, an English soldier who switched allegiance from the Sikh army to Dost Muhammad Khan in 1836. Discover his transformation in Kabul.
