European adventurers, scholars and officials

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FRANCIS

FRANCIS, a French adventurer, who arrived at Lahore in 1833 and joined Maharaja Ranjit Singli`s army. But he had no...

Explore the thrilling journey of John Holmes, a Eurasian soldier in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army, and uncover his dual role...

Explore the life of Sir William Hay Macnaghten, pivotal in Anglo-Sikh and Afghan relations, and his role in the 1838...

Uncover the legacy of John Ramsay, a Eurasian musician and drum major under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, as recorded in European...

Discover the impactful legacy of Sir William Sampson Whish, the divisional commander who led British forces in the Second Anglo-Sikh...

Explore the daring escape and valiant battles of Englishman Barlow from being a prisoner in Afghanistan to his roles in...

CUNNINGHAM, JOSEPH DAVEY (1812-1851), the first British historian of the Sikhs (his A History of the Sikhs was published in...

FUKINAUL, THOMAS, a Frenchman, who during 1822-23 was in Maharaja Ranjit Singh`s service, employed in the gunpowder factory.

Discover the story of HOMMUS, a Spaniard who joined the Khalsa Darbar in 1842, worked in gunpowder, and his untimely...

Explore the life of MAHER JOHN, a unique Eurasian musician and drum-major in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army, highlighting European adventurers...

Explore the intriguing journey of RATTRAY, an English soldier who switched allegiance from the Sikh army to Dost Muhammad Khan...

Explore Joseph Wolff's 1832 travels in the Punjab, marked by rich encounters and Sikh hospitality despite religious differences. Discover more!