MARU VAR, Guru Arjan`s composition in the Maru musical measure in the Guru Granth Sahib. Traditionally, Maru which gives the Vdr its title is elegiac verse and is commonly sung in the afternoon. This measure has a martial undertone as well. The singing of Maru rdga with devotion annuls

NIDHAN SINGH CHUGGHA (1855-1936), a prominent Ghadr leader, was the son of Sundar Singh of the village of Chuggha, in Moga district. A militant revolutionary, he was cited by the British as "art extremely dangerous criminal and one of the worst and most important of the [Ghadr] conspirators." In

RATAN SINGH, BHAI (d. 1943), alias Santa Singh, alias Ishar Singh, son of Nihal Singh, of Raipur Doaba, in Jalandhar district, served in the Indian army before migrating to Fiji Islands in 1914 from where he moved to Vancouver. While in Vancouver, he was drawn into the Ghadr movement.

RAVIDAS, poet and mystic, was born to Raghu and Ghurbinia, who lived near the city of Varanasi. Not much biographical information about him is available, but, from what can be made out of his own compositions, he belonged to a lowcaste (Chamdr) family. He followed the family profession of

DALJIT SINGH (d. 1937), one of the passengers on board the S.S. Komagata Maru, was born at the village of Kauni, now in Faridkot district. He passed his matriculation examination and became assistant editor on the Panjabi Bhain, a journal sponsored by Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Firozpur, to promote the

GOVARDHANA Through the Guru\'s discipline, Krishna lifted the Govardhana (mountain). (Maru M. l, p. 1041) Govardhan-dhari (One who holds up the mountain Govardhana)... (Maru M. 5, p. 1082) Govardhana is the name of a mountain in Vrindavana near Mathura. Once Krishna induced the cowherds and Gopis to worship this

KAFI (Arabic Qafi), literally stands for the leader, the enlightener, one who fulfils the need. In poetics it denotes the refrain in a song or hymn, and is also the title given to a poetic form in Arabic as well as in Indian literature. Guru Nanak was the first to

KOMAGATA MARU, a Japanese tramp steamer, renamed Guru Nanak Jahaz, launched from Hong Kong by Baba Gurdit Singh (1860-1954), an adventurous Sikh businessman, to take a batch of Indian emigrants to Canada. This was done to circumvent the new Canadian Immigration Ordinances which, aiming to stop the influx of

KACHHA (KURAMA)(Tortoise Incarnation) Machh (Matsya incarnation), Kachh, Kurama (names of Tortoise incarnation) took birth according to the \'will of the Lord. (Maru M. 5, p. 1082) The ten incarntions were created under the Will of the Lord. (Maru M. l, p. 1037) Both the words Kachh and Kurama are