CHUHARVAL, village 11 km west of Chamkaur Sahib (30° 53`N, 76° 25`E), has a gurdwara called Jhar Sahib, dedicated to Guru Gobind Singh, who quitting Chamkaur on the night of 7 December 1705, reached this spot. In a cluster of thorny bushes (Jhar) here, he relaxed for awhile before resuming his journey further west. A shrine was later established to mark the site. A land grant of 75 bighas, made to it by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, has been continued by successive governments.
Charan Singh \'Shahid\' (1891 - 1935) was a Punjabi poet, novelist, essayist and journalist. His father Suba Singh was a deeply religious man whose personality made strong impact on Charan Singh. Hazara Singh Giani introduced young Charan Singh into the domain of literature. After matriculation, in about 1906 Charan Singh joined the staff of Khalsa Samachar weekly and came under the influence of Bhai Vir Singh. Like Dhani Ram \'Chatrik\'. In 1907, he published his maiden work, a novel, entitled Sham Sundar.
CAMPBELL, WILLIAM (d. 1866), a Scotsman, who came to Lahore in September 1828 and was employed in the Sikh cavalry and given command of a regiment of 1200 horse. He soon gained the favour of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, but was dismissed from the service in August 1829 on a charge of misbehaviour towards a woman, and sent across the River Sutlej under an escort. Later, he served the Afghan rulers. He died in Kabul in 1866.
CHAPPAR CHIRI (30° 45`N, 76° 40`E), Ban and Chhoti (senior and junior), are twin villages in Ropar district, along KhararBanur road, now officially named Banda Singh Bahadur road. This area was the scene of a historic battle. Gurdwara Baba Banda Bahadur is situated between the two villages by the side of the metalled link road joining them. The battle took place around here on 12 May 1710 between the Sikhs led by Banda Singh Bahadur and Wazir Khan, the imperial faujdar of Sirhind. The latter was killed and the Mughal army routed.
CHHOTA GHALLUGHARA, lit. minor holocaust or carnage, as distinguished from Vadda Ghallughara (q.v.) or major massacre, is how Sikh chronicles refer to a bloody action during the severe campaign of persecution launched by the Mughal government at Lahore against the Sikhs in 1746. Early in that year, Jaspat Rai, the faiydar of Eminabad, 55 km north of Lahore, was killed in an encounter with a roving band of Sikhs. Jaspat Rai\'s brother, Lakhpat Rai, who was a diwan or revenue minister at Lahore, vowed revenge declaring that he would not put on his head dress nor claim himself to be a Khatri, to which caste he belonged, until he had scourged the entire Sikh Panth out of existence.
CHUNG TONG, a small village on the bank of the River Teesta in Sikkim, 168 km north of the nearest railhead, Siliguri, has recently been discovered to have a connection with early Sikh history. Local tradition there refers to the visit of Guru Nanak (1469-1539) to the place during his third udasior preaching tour. Although the Janam Sakhis do not mention Tibet specifically, the mention of Guru Nanak Rimpoche (lit. the great one) in Tibetan literature points to the Guru`s travel through Tibet, and it is likely that he passed through Chung Tong on his way back to India.
Chitrakar, Ishwar Singh (1912 -1968), a noted painter and poet in Punjabi, was born in 1912 and died in 1968. His pen name, Chitrakar, indicates his penchant for painting and painting to him was as dear a medium of creativity as poetry was. Literary movements of his time did not fascinate him. He was lonely and forsaken but true to his innermost spirit of freedom and love. He is the author of two collections of essays entitled Kalam di Awaz (The Voice of the Pen) and Gal Bat (Conversation).
