SAMUNDA, BHAI, a seeker of truth, once waited upon Guru Arjan and begged to know how a bemukh was distinguished from a sanamukh. The Guru, according to Bhai Mani Singh, Sikhan di Bhagat Mala, spoke thus “Sanamukh is one who, following the Guru`s precept, rises early to make ablutions, contemplates on the Nam, and practises charity. A bemukh, on the other hand, is one who wastes his life in pursuit of sensual pleasures and passions.” Bhai Samunda, says Bhai Santokh Singh, became a Sikh. He remained in the Guru`s presence, always listened attentively to what he said, and acted upon his word.
References :
1. Mani Singh, Bhai, Sikhan di Bhagat Mala. Amritsar, 1955
2. Gurdas, Bhai, Varan, XI. 18
3. Santokh Singh, Bhai, Sri” Gur Pratap Suraj Granth. Amritsar, 1927-35
Guru Arjan’s teachings illuminate a fundamental choice—a way of life that pivots on where one directs one’s heart and energy. In his guidance, the terms sanamukh and bemukh draw a stark contrast between those who actively nurture their spiritual selves and those who allow worldly distractions and indulgences to rule their lives.
Sanamukh
A sanamukh is someone who faces the divine with purpose and discipline. Guru Arjan explained that a sanamukh follows the Guru’s precepts with earnest devotion. This person rises early to perform ablutions, dedicates time to meditate on the Naam (the Name of God), and practices charity—manifesting a life oriented toward spiritual enrichment and community service. In every facet of daily living, the sanamukh remains mindful of the divine presence, allowing the Guru’s teachings to govern their actions and interactions. This orientation isn’t just about ritual practice; it embodies an inner commitment to transforming one’s character through consistent, heartfelt engagement with spiritual disciplines.
Bemukh
In contrast, a bemukh is defined by turning one’s face away from that divine light. Guru Arjan described the bemukh as someone who squanders the precious gift of life in the pursuit of sensual pleasures and fleeting material satisfactions. The bemukh’s focus is inward in a self-serving manner, allowing personal desires and worldly attractions to dominate, thus missing the opportunity for profound inner transformation. Without the steady anchor of spiritual discipline, a bemukh drifts from the Guru’s path, caught in cycles of transient emotions and unfulfilling indulgences.
The Spiritual Blueprint
This dichotomy serves as a spiritual blueprint: by choosing to be sanamukh, one consciously aligns with values that lead to a balanced, serene state of being. Guru Arjan’s elucidation is not merely a moral directive but a practical guide for cultivating inner peace and resilience. The disciplined lifestyle of a sanamukh—marked by mindful practices of meditation, selfless service, and compassion—shapes not only individual character but also fortifies the collective spirit of the Sikh community.
Historically, this teaching was conveyed to seekers like Bhai Samunda, as recorded in texts such as Sikhan di Bhagat Mala by Bhai Mani Singh. Such accounts illustrate how the Guru’s counsel was used to inspire and guide generations towards a life of sustained spiritual focus and communal care.
Relevance Today
Guru Arjan’s distinctions remain deeply relevant. In a world often dominated by rapid gratification and distraction, the choice to live as a sanamukh invites us to cultivate mindfulness, self-discipline, and genuine service. Whether it’s starting the day with meditation or finding ways to contribute positively to one’s community, embracing the sanamukh way offers a path that leads to enduring inner peace and fulfillment.
