india

Explore the origins and evolving perceptions of 'Feringhee,' a term for Europeans in India, from Vasco de Gama's arrival to post-British India.

Explore the journey of HARVEY, the English physician in 1838 Punjab, serving under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, before falling ill and leaving in 1839.

Discover Kalgidhar Diwan Malaya's impact on Sikh education & religion in Malaysia since 1918. Learn about its community services & historical significance.

Explore the impactful diplomacy of Sir Charles Metcalfe, the provisional Governor General of India, and his key role in the 1809 Treaty of Amritsar.

Explore Phul Shah's impact on Sikhism, from his 1604 embrace of the faith to founding an Udasi center in Punjab, his legacy endures.

Explore the legacy of Sardul Singh Caveeshar, a key political figure and editor. Discover his impact on Indian politics and journalism.

Explore the intriguing life of Umrao Singh Majithia, a cultural intellectual and British 'disaffected,' entangled in pre-World War I geopolitics.

Explore the history of Azad Hind Fauj, the Indian National Army, and its pivotal role in India's fight for freedom during World War II.

BHUPINDER SINGH, LIEUTENANTGENERAL MAHARAJA SIR (1891-1931), Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India, Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire, Knight of the Order of the British Empire, ruler of the Sikh state of Patiala, was one of the most colourful and influential Indian princes of the interwar years. Tall, robust, dashingly handsome, he was to the British the personification of the Punjabi martial races, a veritable "flower of Oriental aristocracy." In his own eyes, and in the eyes of many of his coreligionists, he was the temporal leader of Sikhism.

Explore the captivating lives of European adventurers in 19th-century Punjab, their military roles, and impact on the Khalsa army's westernization.

Discover HEST, a Greek commandant in Hyderabad before joining the Sikh army in 1843. Learn about his legacy and tragic end in Lahore.

Discover the legacy of Sirdar Kapur Singh, a master of Sikh theology, philosophy & literature, whose influence shaped modern Sikh political thought.